How Do Car Shock Absorbers Work?

August 1, 2025

The working principle of shock absorbers primarily utilizes damping force to convert vibrational energy into thermal energy and dissipate it.

Most shock absorbers are hydraulic, with an internal structure typically consisting of a cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid, containing a piston. When the wheel moves up and down, the piston also moves within the cylinder.

In simple terms, shock absorbers use the combination of “piston + hydraulic fluid + small holes” to convert the mechanical kinetic energy of the spring into thermal energy and dissipate it, thereby enabling the vehicle body to stabilize more quickly.

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